The character, Bennett, embodies the theme of bullying through his connection with other characters in the play, his type of abusive language used towards the characters, Chadwick and Tanya, and his violent body gestures towards the two when he enters the stage. Examples of this are shown when Bennett puts Chadwick in a headlock and throws him up against a wall, whilst calling him abusive names.
The two characters, William and Lilly, who are known as the two main characters of the play, both embody the theme of love. In the play, William seems to take a liking towards the new girl, Lilly who doesn't like him but ends up liking another character, Nicolas. The theme of love is shown through William's body actions towards Lilly and his type of language used. An example of this is shown when William eventually asks Lilly out using romantic language, but is then rejected by Lilly. Soon after this, William's character turns and we see a more darker side to him because of her denial of his love towards Lilly.
The character, William, expresses the theme of education through his use of language when he talks to Lilly at the beginning of the play. William makes constant referrals to the theme of education. Example of this are shown at the beginning of the play, when William is introducing Lilly to his school and suddenly he starts talking about further education and his university visits with Chadwick - 'We went to Cambridge University together in the summer holidays. On a visit.' 'If my application's accepted, I'll have my interview next week' (Scene Two). Another example is shown at the end of the play where William has been taken to Sutton Manor Hospital and is talking to Dr. Harvey about the previous events in the play and eventually his future ambitions - 'I want to be an architect. Build buildings way up as high as I can get them to go.' (Scene Seven).
The play, Punk Rock, was written by Simon Stephens and is set in Stockport, Manchester, first in a library of a sixth form college then at a hospital, in 2009 (near present day). The play was first performed on 3rd September 2009 and as a co-production between the Lyric Hammersmith, London and the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester. The play is aimed at younger audiences aged between 16 - 18 and younger audiences would understand this play as they are going through the same stages of education as these characters in the play are. If this piece of work was performed in front of a group of people of an older generation, adults would be more interested in the character's journey. For example, audiences would be interested in the character, William, and his story as it shows a big transition from the nerdy, more geeky boy we saw in the beginning to a raged, broken man who has had enough of life.
Tuesday, 8 March 2016
Performing Arts Business Report
When creating a play in a production company, there are a large deal of funding that needs to be considered to gather all of the resources needed to make the show. Funding is extremely important in a production because if there was no funding, there would be no show. Many production companies rely on ticket, programme and food and drink sales from previous productions to pay for their upcoming productions. Production companies also like to use annual subscription payments by members of that company to also pay for resources that are needed for a production. For example, The Mitre Players, a successful amateur theatre company, located in Sanderstead, South Croydon, has been running for over 50 years, and due to the massive success of ticket and programmes sales they have received over the years, they have been able to produce more upcoming shows for audiences' entertainment. Although, some theatrical production companies cannot just rely on ticket sales or merchandising, they might need more funding. There are two sectors that are always willing to donate money to the theatrical arts and production companies, some companies just make shows funded by their local government, local businesses or partnerships. These two sectors are called The Private Sector and The Public Sector.
The Private Sector
The Private Sector involves individual producers or a group of people that raise funding for theatrical productions. Some producers like to donate their own money as well to keep a production company going for years to come. Some production companies don't have access to local producers that are willing to donate money, so companies go to persuade private investors to fund their production. These local investors like to ask the production company if they can sponsor the production, so they are then mentioned in programmes (there is normally a full page description of the investor or the investor's company. In return, the investors seek out to promote the show to persuade audiences to go and watch their production. If the production company accepts the investors, as a generous gift, they may receive tickets for productions to give to their clients for their hard work. There are some individuals or organisations that sponsor performing arts theatre companies on a regular basis. This people are called Patrons. The amateur theatre company, The Mitre Players have always had patrons, and so they could always produce plays thanks to their funding. Here are some examples of private funded productions that have had funding by other companies or patrons:
The Private Sector
The Private Sector involves individual producers or a group of people that raise funding for theatrical productions. Some producers like to donate their own money as well to keep a production company going for years to come. Some production companies don't have access to local producers that are willing to donate money, so companies go to persuade private investors to fund their production. These local investors like to ask the production company if they can sponsor the production, so they are then mentioned in programmes (there is normally a full page description of the investor or the investor's company. In return, the investors seek out to promote the show to persuade audiences to go and watch their production. If the production company accepts the investors, as a generous gift, they may receive tickets for productions to give to their clients for their hard work. There are some individuals or organisations that sponsor performing arts theatre companies on a regular basis. This people are called Patrons. The amateur theatre company, The Mitre Players have always had patrons, and so they could always produce plays thanks to their funding. Here are some examples of private funded productions that have had funding by other companies or patrons:
The Public Sector
The Public Sector involves money that have been generated by the government or the National Lottery who have always funded the dramatic arts. The public money is given out to production companies at a national, regional and a local level. If the money was distributed at a local level and at a regional level, the money would have been generated by City or County Councils. These are known as Local Authorities. An example of a local city council is the London Borough of Croydon, who has been funding theatre arts as well as funding other non-dramatic activities for a number of years. If the money was distributed at a national level, the money would ben generated from The Department of National Heritage or The Arts Council of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The Department of National Heritage (now known as the Department for Culture, Media and Sport), was created in 1992 and has combined and funded relations to the dramatic arts, as well as broadcasting, film, sport, architecture and tourist sites. The Arts Council of England was formed in 1994 who invest money from the government and the National Lottery and generate it only to the arts and culture across England. This money is distributed regularly to production companies and theatres. During the years 2009/2010, the Arts Council of England generated a budget of £575 million pounds to support the arts. This money was given to amateur and professional production companies. The professional production companies include the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal National Theatre and the National Youth Music Theatre. The amateur production companies include The Barnstormers, who normally produce plays and theatre shows at the Barn Theatre, Oxted and The Minack Theatre, Porthcurno, Cornwall and The Tower Theatre Company, London.
School and College productions can either generate their money through the private and public sectors. Schools can have patrons who normally donate money to the school to make sure the production goes through. They can donate money to the show to help pay for lighting equipment, sound equipment, microphones and refreshments. The most used case for funding is school fairs. During school and college fairs, teachers might ask a couple of students, aged between Year 7 to Year 13, to perform an extract from a particular play. After the play has finished, adults might like to make generous donations if their performance was a success and they want to see typical performances like that again. Schools could also ask for funding by the government, in which they could request from the Arts Council of England to grant them money to pay for expensive lighting equipment, for example, colour washes and light spots which can move around the room to make the production more colourful, and sound equipment including microphones, sound effects etc. if a school needs it or if they need this type of money.
Tuesday, 23 February 2016
Punk Rock
PUNK ROCK
Simon Stephens
Punk Rock is a play written by Simon Stephens, a British playwright most known for writing the play, 'The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time'. His other plays include On the Shore of the Wide World, Marine Parade and Harper Regan. Punk Rock has no real plot, but follows a group of teenagers aged 17-18 getting ready for their exams, UCAS forms and universities. This play was first performed in September 2009 in a joint-theatre production between the Lyric Hammersmith, Hammersmith and the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester. The play is set in modern-day Stockport, Manchester. The play introduces William Carlisle, the main male in the play, showing around new-girl Lilly Cahill. As the story goes on, new characters are introduced. Bennett, the bully in the play who is known for bullying William and Lucy Francis, Cissy, girlfriend to Bennett, Nicolas Chatman, Tanya Gleason, best friend to William who witnesses a major event near the end of the play and Chadwick Meade, afraid of Bennett. There is only one adult character in the play, Dr Richard Harvey at Sutton Manor Hospital who interrogates William when he enters onto scene. At the play goes on, William starts to take a liking for Lilly and decides to ask her out, but Lilly then tells him he has no love interest in him at all and tells him that she likes Nicolas, friend to William. This drives William insane and he suddenly turns on every character in the play. He grabs a gun and goes over to Bennett, who had been treating him like rubbish and kills him in school. William is then taken to hospital and get asked questions by Dr Richard Harvey, psychiatrist. The play is set in 2009, the same year as two icons of the music and film industry died that affected mainly younger children to middle aged persons, Michael Jackson and Patrick Swayze.
During the play, there is an unexpected love (triangle) relationship between three characters that builds through the play. In this case, William falls in love with Lilly, but Lilly does not like William and believes they should be friends. Instead, Lilly falls in love with Nicolas, friend of William which drives him made. The play focuses on children of the 21st Century going through grammar school life. The main theme explained in this play is the theme of bullying. Bullying is emphasised throughout the play with one main character bullying the others on stage. This particular theme is key because everyone, ranging from older audiences to younger audiences can relate to. The play helps me understand the world I live in because I am going through the same stages of life as these characters in the play.
Simon Stephens
Punk Rock is a play written by Simon Stephens, a British playwright most known for writing the play, 'The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time'. His other plays include On the Shore of the Wide World, Marine Parade and Harper Regan. Punk Rock has no real plot, but follows a group of teenagers aged 17-18 getting ready for their exams, UCAS forms and universities. This play was first performed in September 2009 in a joint-theatre production between the Lyric Hammersmith, Hammersmith and the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester. The play is set in modern-day Stockport, Manchester. The play introduces William Carlisle, the main male in the play, showing around new-girl Lilly Cahill. As the story goes on, new characters are introduced. Bennett, the bully in the play who is known for bullying William and Lucy Francis, Cissy, girlfriend to Bennett, Nicolas Chatman, Tanya Gleason, best friend to William who witnesses a major event near the end of the play and Chadwick Meade, afraid of Bennett. There is only one adult character in the play, Dr Richard Harvey at Sutton Manor Hospital who interrogates William when he enters onto scene. At the play goes on, William starts to take a liking for Lilly and decides to ask her out, but Lilly then tells him he has no love interest in him at all and tells him that she likes Nicolas, friend to William. This drives William insane and he suddenly turns on every character in the play. He grabs a gun and goes over to Bennett, who had been treating him like rubbish and kills him in school. William is then taken to hospital and get asked questions by Dr Richard Harvey, psychiatrist. The play is set in 2009, the same year as two icons of the music and film industry died that affected mainly younger children to middle aged persons, Michael Jackson and Patrick Swayze.
During the play, there is an unexpected love (triangle) relationship between three characters that builds through the play. In this case, William falls in love with Lilly, but Lilly does not like William and believes they should be friends. Instead, Lilly falls in love with Nicolas, friend of William which drives him made. The play focuses on children of the 21st Century going through grammar school life. The main theme explained in this play is the theme of bullying. Bullying is emphasised throughout the play with one main character bullying the others on stage. This particular theme is key because everyone, ranging from older audiences to younger audiences can relate to. The play helps me understand the world I live in because I am going through the same stages of life as these characters in the play.
Thursday, 28 January 2016
Application Pack for becoming an Actor
An actor communicates and creates a character through various situations towards an audience. This can be through speech, body language and movement. In becoming an actor, you are put with learning scripts, performing in front of a live audience, liaising with agents, attending auditions and film sets. These are activities actors go through on a daily basis. In order to succeed in the job, actors will need to be trained professionally if it is they want to work in the theatre industry.
There are dramatic academies that offer full-time acting courses for young people including children in the primary school region, such as the Sylvia Young Theatre School, based in Marylebone, London, which is open to children aged between 4-18 years old who want to study drama.
There are specialist drama schools who usually only accept students aged 18 years and older. These schools have strong links with different acting agencies, casting directors, production companies, broadcasters and theatre directors. The most popular drama school in the UK is Guildhall School of Music and Drama, who offer a wide range of courses, for actors and production roles. Guildhall and most other drama schools offer a wide range of courses, but for actors alone, they offer two full-time courses.
In order to be accepted into these drama schools, you are told to learn two monologues. Drama schools hold auditions for people over the age of 18 and are required to come in and perform two contrasting monologues from different periods of time. The first monologue to learn a classical monologue and from an Elizabethan or Jacobean play. This can be from a Shakespearean play as well, so using monologues from 'Romeo and Juliet' or 'The Merchant of Venice' or other plays written by William Shakespeare is recommended. The next monologue actors need to perform are a monologue written in the 20th or 21st century, but not a piece written by the actor himself or by a unknown playwright. The most important and key thing when choosing these monologues is that they HAVE to be contrasting. For example, actors can perform a classical monologue from 'The Merchant of Venice', portraying the character of Shylock, the main antagonist of the play who is extremely dark and greedy, and for their contemporary monologue, actors can use monologues from 'The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time' or 'Punk Rock', both written by Simon Stephens, a famous playwright who is most well-known in writing these particular plays, whose characters are a lot more funnier and in which can relate to. Actors have to be aware that thousands of people audition every year for a place in a particular drama school and sometimes, maybe even most of the time, fail. Using Guildhall School of Music and Drama's statistics from last year, over 20,000 people auditioned for a place in the school which only offers 26 students.
If actors are need willing to study drama and acting, they are required to study a course. In this case, there are two courses which are available for young actors to take part in. The first course is the BA Honours Degree in Acting, which is a three-year course, costing, in total, £9,000 a year, £27,000 for three years. These were the course guidelines for LAMDA’s (London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art) BA Honours Degree in Acting, which explain what the course is about and explains to upcoming future actors in what to experience in attending this particular drama school.
In order to be accepted into these drama schools, you are told to learn two monologues. Drama schools hold auditions for people over the age of 18 and are required to come in and perform two contrasting monologues from different periods of time. The first monologue to learn a classical monologue and from an Elizabethan or Jacobean play. This can be from a Shakespearean play as well, so using monologues from 'Romeo and Juliet' or 'The Merchant of Venice' or other plays written by William Shakespeare is recommended. The next monologue actors need to perform are a monologue written in the 20th or 21st century, but not a piece written by the actor himself or by a unknown playwright. The most important and key thing when choosing these monologues is that they HAVE to be contrasting. For example, actors can perform a classical monologue from 'The Merchant of Venice', portraying the character of Shylock, the main antagonist of the play who is extremely dark and greedy, and for their contemporary monologue, actors can use monologues from 'The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time' or 'Punk Rock', both written by Simon Stephens, a famous playwright who is most well-known in writing these particular plays, whose characters are a lot more funnier and in which can relate to. Actors have to be aware that thousands of people audition every year for a place in a particular drama school and sometimes, maybe even most of the time, fail. Using Guildhall School of Music and Drama's statistics from last year, over 20,000 people auditioned for a place in the school which only offers 26 students.
If actors are need willing to study drama and acting, they are required to study a course. In this case, there are two courses which are available for young actors to take part in. The first course is the BA Honours Degree in Acting, which is a three-year course, costing, in total, £9,000 a year, £27,000 for three years. These were the course guidelines for LAMDA’s (London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art) BA Honours Degree in Acting, which explain what the course is about and explains to upcoming future actors in what to experience in attending this particular drama school.
The first year of this course involves students undertaking technical classes in acting,, improvisation, voice and movement and physical theatre. They are also introduced to screen acting. Students are then dedicated into studying work on comedies, Shakespearean, Greek Theatre and contemporary theatre. Students undergo four performances, which are closed to the public for the students to explore different variety of techniques and experiment with ideas
The second year of this course involves students taking part in screen acting modules. They then rehearse for another four workshop performances, following the subjects of Shakespeare, Restoration drama, 19th century naturalism and musical theatre. Once again, these performances are closed from the public. Different projects include Making your Own Film and a project involving students to collabrate with professional directors and writers to produce their first draft script of their new play.
The third and last year involves students performing in public venues in state of the art theatres. These are open to the general pubic. They then complete their final workshops, including screen acting and audio training. They professionally create a short film, recording a radio play and completing a voice reel.
The second course is the MA Honours Degree, which is another three-year course, costing slightly more, as Year 1 costs a total of £6,120 and the other 2 years cost £9,180, costing in total £24,480. Guildhall is most well known because of its famous alumni, including Ewan McGregor (Class of 1992), Daniel Craig (Class of 1991) and Orlando Bloom (Class of 1999). To become an actor, they should start acting from an early age, so they should attend amateur theatre companies to develop companies and to explore various characters, and also to gain advice from other actors about how to make it.
According to Prospects (website), degrees or HNDs would help improve chances of following a career in the job, and so attending drama schools such as Guildhall, RADA (Royal Academy of Dramatic Art) and LAMDA are very important. Future actors also need to have very good communication and listening skills, to always arrive on time, interpret roles, become disciplined and to have a very good memory if needed to learn lines for a short period of time.
Tuesday, 26 January 2016
Research File including a variety of employment opportunities
PERFORMERS
ACTOR
An actor communicates and creates a character through various situations towards an audience. This can be through speech, body language and movement. There are different types of work when it comes to becoming an actor. These jobs include being working in the West End, (live stage performances), working as either a character or being in the ensemble, soap operas (EastEnders, Coronation Street), radio work, television advertisements and the most popular, films (Star Wars: The Force Awakens, The Grand Budapest Hotel etc.). In becoming an actor, you are put with learning scripts, performing in front of a live audience, liaising with agents, attending auditions and film sets. These are activities actors go through on a daily basis. In order to succeed in the job, actors will need to be trained professionally if it is they want to work in the theatre industry. There are dramatic academies that offer full-time acting courses for young people including children in the primary school region, such as the Sylvia Young Theatre School, based in Marylebone, London, which is open to children aged between 4-18 years old who want to study drama. There are specialist drama schools who usually only accept students aged 18 years and older. These schools have strong links with different acting agencies, casting directors, production companies, broadcasters and theatre directors. The most popular drama school in the UK is Guildhall School of Music and Drama, who offer a wide range of courses, for actors and production roles. Guildhall and most other drama schools offer a wide range of courses, but for actors alone, they offer two full-time courses. The first course is the BA Honours Degree in Acting, which is a three-year course, costing, in total, £9,000 a year, £27,000 for three years. The second course is the MA Honours Degree, which is another three-year course, costing slightly more, as Year 1 costs a total of £6,120 and the other 2 years cost £9,180, costing in total £24,480. Guildhall is most well known because of its famous alumni, including Ewan McGregor (Class of 1992), Daniel Craig (Class of 1991) and Orlando Bloom (Class of 1999). Actor's wages all are negotiated under Equity, a trade union for professional actors and technical assistants. According to UK Theatre (organisation), the annual weekly pay offers £485.75 for those who perform in an 8-show week. Equity is also a membership organisation in which actors have to pay a membership fee to Equity, which normally comes out of pay cheques. Actors are required to sign contracts, which shows how much they are given and where they will be working and for how long. However, there will be very long hours, and there won't be a lot of socialising between actors, as they need to focus on rehearsals and their lines. Some actors have to travel far to attend rehearsals, so it can be very time-consuming. To become an actor, they should start acting from an early age, so they should attend amateur theatre companies to develop companies and to explore various characters, and also to gain advice from other actors about how to make it. According to Prospects (website), degrees or HNDs would help improve chances of following a career in the job, and so attending drama schools such as Guildhall, RADA and LAMDA are very important. Future actors also need to have very good communication and listening skills, to always arrive on time, interpret roles, become disciplined and to have a very good memory if needed to learn lines for a short period of time.
DANCER
Dancers use movement, body language and different varieties of gestures to portray a character, story, or a type of concept using music towards a live audience. Dancers are normally under teaching by a professional choreographer. There are different type of genres that dancers can interpret, for example ballet, modern street dance or contemporary dances. Dancers are very similar to actors, as being a professional dancer involves preparing for auditions, like what actors would do, getting ready for performances by rehearsals, and performing in front of live audiences, whether that being in front of a stage or a camera to be shown in film or TV. But dancers also have to study choreography, look after their own clothes and costumes and also be able to teach dance. Dancing is also one of the three main skills to have in becoming a great musical theatre actor, the skills include dancing, singing and acting. Like actors, dancers are paid through the trade union of Equity. According to Prospects (website), the annual minimum weekly wage in becoming a professional dancer is £440+. These figures can rise up to £650 a week, which is paid normally in rehearsals and shows per week, if dancers are involved in West End shows, like Stomp, Into The Woods, or even operas such as The Magic Flute, which is being played at London Coliseum between the dates of 5th February - 19th March 2016. There are downsides in becoming a professional dancer. A dancer's career can be short, with most dancers retiring at the age of 40, because they can get injured easily and not do such moves that they could have done. Injuries normally impact the legs and arms as they are used all the time in dance. If dancers can manage to dance above the age of 40, fitness is extremely important to them, so are recommended to regularly go to the gym and go jogging. Most dancers start from a very early age, dancing to various dance genres but mainly ballet, but some start dancing when they reach teenage years or at universities. Courses to study at university offer genres such as ballet, musical theatre, contemporary dance, jazz, commercial and street. Those who want to learn dance when they reach university age are recommended to take BA Honours Degree in Dancing, a three year course, normally costing around the same prices as those who apply for acting courses (9,000 a year, 27,000 for the full three year course). To build up confidence and become a professional dancer, dancers are recommended to join a local dance company or dance schools, such as DanceMode Croydon Street Dance and Teacher Training, based in Croydon and Surrey Ballet Masters, based in Coulsdon. Dancers need to be creative, resilient and have a knowledge to the world of dance and be extremely fit healthy-wise.
PRODUCTION
LIGHTING DESIGNER
A lighting designer works very closely with the directors, choreographers and set designers. They are involved to create the lighting, atmosphere and mood of the entire dramatic production. They pay very close attention to the script during a performance to make sure a particular light setting is needed at a particular point in the show. Lighting Directors work very closely with the stage managers (the people who manage rehearsals and have a very good understanding with technical equipment). This particular job role is most important going through pre-production (storyboards, diagrams etc.) Other roles included in pre-production are producers, directors, playwrights, costume designers, set designers, etc. According to study.com (website), in order to become a professional lighting designer, the first thing to do is to participate in high school productions and programmes. This experience is used to introduce to young people the importance of using and taking care of lights. Secondly, those who are more interested in becoming a lighting designer as a full-time job, you will need to earn a degree. There are different degrees that can be taken and still become a lighting designer, including architecture, interior design, theatre design or building design. LAMDA (London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts, drama school) invite young people aged 18 and over to those who want to pursue in the role of backstage jobs (including lighting designers), they are to take a Foundation Degree in Stage Management and Technical Theatre, which is a two year course, specifically designed for backstage jobs. Guildhall School of Music and Drama (drama school) offer a three year course. RADA (Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, drama school) offer the same amount of years but, at the end of the course, are awarded a postgraduate diploma in Stage Electrics and Lighting Design. According to PayScale, the annual hourly rate of a professional lighting designer is £20, and get an annual yearly median salary of £27,674. Lighting Designers get earned a maximum £1,000 bonus. The more experienced you are in the job, the more money is given, so for example those who have been doing this particular job for 1-4 years, you are earned a median yearly salary of £21,723. The maximum you can earn, it seems, is £36,500, which is for those who have been doing lighting designing for 10-19 years.
DIRECTOR
A theatre director is responsible for the whole creation of the show. They are involved in the whole process, which means they go through pre-production (storyboard, cast-list, budget etc) all the way through to post-production (everything is finalised). Theatre directors work with every department in the creation of a performance to go through live to an audience. These departments include the creative team, which include the composer, lyricist and the librettist; the performers themselves, which include actors, singers and dancers; and lastly and most important the PRODUCTION team, which include choreographers, dance captains, conductors, technical directors, lighting designers, production stage manager and much more. In order to run everything smoothly, directors normally arrange a certain type of strict discipline, which means, for example, actors need to learn their lines by a specific date, and set designers need to prepare their set plans also by a specific date. As doing these jobs, other jobs include programming and budgeting, breaking down scripts or musical scores, attending production meetings, holding auditions for actors and help publicising the production. The salaries and conditions become very different depending on the length of the production and what type of contract it is for the director (freelance, repertory, touring etc.). According to Prospects (website), a theatre director for a full length play should receive a minimum fee of £1,439 and also weekly rehearsal payments of £440. Freelance directors can command a minimum fee of £2,300, and a weekly fee of £430 to £520. At the beginning of a production, a director is always given a contract to help sign them on to a particular project. Similar to actors, directors may negotiate their own contracts and salaries, or they can employ agents to deal with the contract on their behalf. Theatre directors normally belong to the trade union Equity, which provides insurance and legal assistance outside or inside the working environment. There are disadvantages when it comes to becoming a theatre director. The work can be highly stressful and frustrating, either because actors do not know their lines or deadlines are not met but also it is rewarding as you can get to work with brand new people and maybe even celebrities. A degree is not essential in becoming a professional director, neither do you need a postgraduate course. The one main thing that is needed to become a director is EXPERIENCE. The main advice is to get as much experience as you can in the business. They can be from being an actor, assistant director, designer, producer, stage manager or writer. Directors normally get these type of experiences from amateur or fringe theatre productions. Some directors consider forming their own theatre companies, which is also a great way to learn about the directing process and stages and how to work with actors and other members of the production team. Many theatre directors don't need any formal training. Some directors go to drama school and study an MA in theatre or drama directing to gain a lot more experience at what it takes and the pressure of what a normal director would normally go through. Developing a career in theatre directing is extremely difficult if the right amount of experience is not there, a theatre director would have to stand out and develop a big reputation and credits. London may be very difficult to direct as it has a very extensive list of theatres. Some directors tend to work in a environment where there isn't that much pressure as there would be. These environments would be in children's theatre, community theatre, education, fringe theatres and even prisons.
ADMINISTRATION
WEBSITE DESIGNER
Web designers plan and create, websites and web pages, that fit the requirements of a certain company or theatre group. Most web designers are not part of the actual theatre company but belong to another technical company that have been given an overview brief to complete a website that will reach their target audiences and audiences worldwide. The role of a web designer include meeting clients and theatre companies regularly, drawing up website diagrams, graphic designing and editing in content of what the company is all about. Salaries vary depending on years of experience. If you have recently started working at a company as a web designer, according to Prospects (website), salaries can vary from £18,000 to £24,000. Within working at a website designing company for four to six years, salaries can vary from £24,000 to £40,000. Those who are given £40,000 are more achieved by more senior roles. Those who work in the London and South East area are tended to have higher salaries than some website designing companies situated in parts outside of London. Other web designing companies that are popular around the UK include Manchester, Stoke or Glasgow. Website Designers are office based and work normal office working hours (9am - 5pm), but to meet deadlines, web designers normally stay on in extra hours in evenings or on weekends. A qualification (i.e. degree, honours etc.) is not always necessary to become a website designer, but some employers value creativity very well. It is always wise to have a degree with you as most major web design companies employ those with a qualification. Qualifications for this job can vary from computer science to software designing, fine art to graphic design, or IT to digital media production. According to Southampton Solent University (university), it is recommended to study the BSc Honours in Web Design and Development. This is a three year course, costing £9,000 a year. According to the September entry for 2016 at Southampton Solent University, you are needed 200 UCAS points for A Levels, MMP for BTEC Extended Diploma and DM in a normal BTEC Diploma.
USHER
Ushers are responsible for checking tickets to allow an audience to attend a live production. Ushers also assist people to where they need to sit in the theatre. Ushers aren't only in the theatre but there are ushers available to assist you in cinemas, entertainment centres or entertainment events. They perform tasks, such as answering questions about seating, locations and the actual synopsis of the story that is going to be shown, sell programmes, check tickets, assist with finding lost property and assisting security. Ushers are normally required to work shifts, especially when it comes to theatre, as ushers may need to work in the afternoons and weekends, but most definitely in evenings. Employers have to be a minimum of 18 years of age so that they are allowed to serve alcoholic drinks behind the bar, as well as working late every night. There are no educational requirements in becoming an usher, but other requirements include working with people effectively, good communication skills, be able to work as a team as well as self-managing what you are needed to do. According to Recruiter (job search website), ushers get average salaries ranging between $16,000 to $24,000, which converted to pounds range from £11,170 to £16,750.
ACTOR
An actor communicates and creates a character through various situations towards an audience. This can be through speech, body language and movement. There are different types of work when it comes to becoming an actor. These jobs include being working in the West End, (live stage performances), working as either a character or being in the ensemble, soap operas (EastEnders, Coronation Street), radio work, television advertisements and the most popular, films (Star Wars: The Force Awakens, The Grand Budapest Hotel etc.). In becoming an actor, you are put with learning scripts, performing in front of a live audience, liaising with agents, attending auditions and film sets. These are activities actors go through on a daily basis. In order to succeed in the job, actors will need to be trained professionally if it is they want to work in the theatre industry. There are dramatic academies that offer full-time acting courses for young people including children in the primary school region, such as the Sylvia Young Theatre School, based in Marylebone, London, which is open to children aged between 4-18 years old who want to study drama. There are specialist drama schools who usually only accept students aged 18 years and older. These schools have strong links with different acting agencies, casting directors, production companies, broadcasters and theatre directors. The most popular drama school in the UK is Guildhall School of Music and Drama, who offer a wide range of courses, for actors and production roles. Guildhall and most other drama schools offer a wide range of courses, but for actors alone, they offer two full-time courses. The first course is the BA Honours Degree in Acting, which is a three-year course, costing, in total, £9,000 a year, £27,000 for three years. The second course is the MA Honours Degree, which is another three-year course, costing slightly more, as Year 1 costs a total of £6,120 and the other 2 years cost £9,180, costing in total £24,480. Guildhall is most well known because of its famous alumni, including Ewan McGregor (Class of 1992), Daniel Craig (Class of 1991) and Orlando Bloom (Class of 1999). Actor's wages all are negotiated under Equity, a trade union for professional actors and technical assistants. According to UK Theatre (organisation), the annual weekly pay offers £485.75 for those who perform in an 8-show week. Equity is also a membership organisation in which actors have to pay a membership fee to Equity, which normally comes out of pay cheques. Actors are required to sign contracts, which shows how much they are given and where they will be working and for how long. However, there will be very long hours, and there won't be a lot of socialising between actors, as they need to focus on rehearsals and their lines. Some actors have to travel far to attend rehearsals, so it can be very time-consuming. To become an actor, they should start acting from an early age, so they should attend amateur theatre companies to develop companies and to explore various characters, and also to gain advice from other actors about how to make it. According to Prospects (website), degrees or HNDs would help improve chances of following a career in the job, and so attending drama schools such as Guildhall, RADA and LAMDA are very important. Future actors also need to have very good communication and listening skills, to always arrive on time, interpret roles, become disciplined and to have a very good memory if needed to learn lines for a short period of time.
DANCER
Dancers use movement, body language and different varieties of gestures to portray a character, story, or a type of concept using music towards a live audience. Dancers are normally under teaching by a professional choreographer. There are different type of genres that dancers can interpret, for example ballet, modern street dance or contemporary dances. Dancers are very similar to actors, as being a professional dancer involves preparing for auditions, like what actors would do, getting ready for performances by rehearsals, and performing in front of live audiences, whether that being in front of a stage or a camera to be shown in film or TV. But dancers also have to study choreography, look after their own clothes and costumes and also be able to teach dance. Dancing is also one of the three main skills to have in becoming a great musical theatre actor, the skills include dancing, singing and acting. Like actors, dancers are paid through the trade union of Equity. According to Prospects (website), the annual minimum weekly wage in becoming a professional dancer is £440+. These figures can rise up to £650 a week, which is paid normally in rehearsals and shows per week, if dancers are involved in West End shows, like Stomp, Into The Woods, or even operas such as The Magic Flute, which is being played at London Coliseum between the dates of 5th February - 19th March 2016. There are downsides in becoming a professional dancer. A dancer's career can be short, with most dancers retiring at the age of 40, because they can get injured easily and not do such moves that they could have done. Injuries normally impact the legs and arms as they are used all the time in dance. If dancers can manage to dance above the age of 40, fitness is extremely important to them, so are recommended to regularly go to the gym and go jogging. Most dancers start from a very early age, dancing to various dance genres but mainly ballet, but some start dancing when they reach teenage years or at universities. Courses to study at university offer genres such as ballet, musical theatre, contemporary dance, jazz, commercial and street. Those who want to learn dance when they reach university age are recommended to take BA Honours Degree in Dancing, a three year course, normally costing around the same prices as those who apply for acting courses (9,000 a year, 27,000 for the full three year course). To build up confidence and become a professional dancer, dancers are recommended to join a local dance company or dance schools, such as DanceMode Croydon Street Dance and Teacher Training, based in Croydon and Surrey Ballet Masters, based in Coulsdon. Dancers need to be creative, resilient and have a knowledge to the world of dance and be extremely fit healthy-wise.
PRODUCTION
LIGHTING DESIGNER
A lighting designer works very closely with the directors, choreographers and set designers. They are involved to create the lighting, atmosphere and mood of the entire dramatic production. They pay very close attention to the script during a performance to make sure a particular light setting is needed at a particular point in the show. Lighting Directors work very closely with the stage managers (the people who manage rehearsals and have a very good understanding with technical equipment). This particular job role is most important going through pre-production (storyboards, diagrams etc.) Other roles included in pre-production are producers, directors, playwrights, costume designers, set designers, etc. According to study.com (website), in order to become a professional lighting designer, the first thing to do is to participate in high school productions and programmes. This experience is used to introduce to young people the importance of using and taking care of lights. Secondly, those who are more interested in becoming a lighting designer as a full-time job, you will need to earn a degree. There are different degrees that can be taken and still become a lighting designer, including architecture, interior design, theatre design or building design. LAMDA (London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts, drama school) invite young people aged 18 and over to those who want to pursue in the role of backstage jobs (including lighting designers), they are to take a Foundation Degree in Stage Management and Technical Theatre, which is a two year course, specifically designed for backstage jobs. Guildhall School of Music and Drama (drama school) offer a three year course. RADA (Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, drama school) offer the same amount of years but, at the end of the course, are awarded a postgraduate diploma in Stage Electrics and Lighting Design. According to PayScale, the annual hourly rate of a professional lighting designer is £20, and get an annual yearly median salary of £27,674. Lighting Designers get earned a maximum £1,000 bonus. The more experienced you are in the job, the more money is given, so for example those who have been doing this particular job for 1-4 years, you are earned a median yearly salary of £21,723. The maximum you can earn, it seems, is £36,500, which is for those who have been doing lighting designing for 10-19 years.
DIRECTOR
A theatre director is responsible for the whole creation of the show. They are involved in the whole process, which means they go through pre-production (storyboard, cast-list, budget etc) all the way through to post-production (everything is finalised). Theatre directors work with every department in the creation of a performance to go through live to an audience. These departments include the creative team, which include the composer, lyricist and the librettist; the performers themselves, which include actors, singers and dancers; and lastly and most important the PRODUCTION team, which include choreographers, dance captains, conductors, technical directors, lighting designers, production stage manager and much more. In order to run everything smoothly, directors normally arrange a certain type of strict discipline, which means, for example, actors need to learn their lines by a specific date, and set designers need to prepare their set plans also by a specific date. As doing these jobs, other jobs include programming and budgeting, breaking down scripts or musical scores, attending production meetings, holding auditions for actors and help publicising the production. The salaries and conditions become very different depending on the length of the production and what type of contract it is for the director (freelance, repertory, touring etc.). According to Prospects (website), a theatre director for a full length play should receive a minimum fee of £1,439 and also weekly rehearsal payments of £440. Freelance directors can command a minimum fee of £2,300, and a weekly fee of £430 to £520. At the beginning of a production, a director is always given a contract to help sign them on to a particular project. Similar to actors, directors may negotiate their own contracts and salaries, or they can employ agents to deal with the contract on their behalf. Theatre directors normally belong to the trade union Equity, which provides insurance and legal assistance outside or inside the working environment. There are disadvantages when it comes to becoming a theatre director. The work can be highly stressful and frustrating, either because actors do not know their lines or deadlines are not met but also it is rewarding as you can get to work with brand new people and maybe even celebrities. A degree is not essential in becoming a professional director, neither do you need a postgraduate course. The one main thing that is needed to become a director is EXPERIENCE. The main advice is to get as much experience as you can in the business. They can be from being an actor, assistant director, designer, producer, stage manager or writer. Directors normally get these type of experiences from amateur or fringe theatre productions. Some directors consider forming their own theatre companies, which is also a great way to learn about the directing process and stages and how to work with actors and other members of the production team. Many theatre directors don't need any formal training. Some directors go to drama school and study an MA in theatre or drama directing to gain a lot more experience at what it takes and the pressure of what a normal director would normally go through. Developing a career in theatre directing is extremely difficult if the right amount of experience is not there, a theatre director would have to stand out and develop a big reputation and credits. London may be very difficult to direct as it has a very extensive list of theatres. Some directors tend to work in a environment where there isn't that much pressure as there would be. These environments would be in children's theatre, community theatre, education, fringe theatres and even prisons.
ADMINISTRATION
WEBSITE DESIGNER
Web designers plan and create, websites and web pages, that fit the requirements of a certain company or theatre group. Most web designers are not part of the actual theatre company but belong to another technical company that have been given an overview brief to complete a website that will reach their target audiences and audiences worldwide. The role of a web designer include meeting clients and theatre companies regularly, drawing up website diagrams, graphic designing and editing in content of what the company is all about. Salaries vary depending on years of experience. If you have recently started working at a company as a web designer, according to Prospects (website), salaries can vary from £18,000 to £24,000. Within working at a website designing company for four to six years, salaries can vary from £24,000 to £40,000. Those who are given £40,000 are more achieved by more senior roles. Those who work in the London and South East area are tended to have higher salaries than some website designing companies situated in parts outside of London. Other web designing companies that are popular around the UK include Manchester, Stoke or Glasgow. Website Designers are office based and work normal office working hours (9am - 5pm), but to meet deadlines, web designers normally stay on in extra hours in evenings or on weekends. A qualification (i.e. degree, honours etc.) is not always necessary to become a website designer, but some employers value creativity very well. It is always wise to have a degree with you as most major web design companies employ those with a qualification. Qualifications for this job can vary from computer science to software designing, fine art to graphic design, or IT to digital media production. According to Southampton Solent University (university), it is recommended to study the BSc Honours in Web Design and Development. This is a three year course, costing £9,000 a year. According to the September entry for 2016 at Southampton Solent University, you are needed 200 UCAS points for A Levels, MMP for BTEC Extended Diploma and DM in a normal BTEC Diploma.
USHER
Ushers are responsible for checking tickets to allow an audience to attend a live production. Ushers also assist people to where they need to sit in the theatre. Ushers aren't only in the theatre but there are ushers available to assist you in cinemas, entertainment centres or entertainment events. They perform tasks, such as answering questions about seating, locations and the actual synopsis of the story that is going to be shown, sell programmes, check tickets, assist with finding lost property and assisting security. Ushers are normally required to work shifts, especially when it comes to theatre, as ushers may need to work in the afternoons and weekends, but most definitely in evenings. Employers have to be a minimum of 18 years of age so that they are allowed to serve alcoholic drinks behind the bar, as well as working late every night. There are no educational requirements in becoming an usher, but other requirements include working with people effectively, good communication skills, be able to work as a team as well as self-managing what you are needed to do. According to Recruiter (job search website), ushers get average salaries ranging between $16,000 to $24,000, which converted to pounds range from £11,170 to £16,750.
Tuesday, 19 January 2016
The Merchant of Venice Programme Notes
The Merchant of Venice is a story about prejudice and portrays a prejudiced message. Prejudice is conveyed throughout the entire play, the main example being Shylock's continuous hatred to Antonio because of his religion which is Christianity. Antonio feels the same way about Shylock's religion, Judaism in which he states 'I'm likely to curse you again, spit on you again, and shun on you again'. Antonio, otherwise known as The Merchant of Venice, lends three thousand ducats to his friend, Bassanio, who attempts to get with the extremely wealthy Portia of Belmont. Antonio's money is tied up with his business ventures of trade ships that are still at sea, so he attempts to try and borrow money from Shylock, a Jewish loaner, who he holds grudges with. Shylock lends the money to Antonio and Bassanio, but have a complication. If the loan is not paid off on the agreed date, Shylock has a pound of Antonio's flesh. Later on, Portia's father dies and in his will, it states that she will marry the suitor who chooses one of three caskets containing lead. The other caskets contains gold and silver. Bassanio makes the right choice and then marries Portia. Soon after the marriage, news comes around that Antonio's business, his collection of trade ships, is lost at sea and so he is unable to pay his debt of three thousand ducats to Shylock who takes the case to a law court made by the Duke of Venice. Hearing this, Portia dresses up to make herself to be Antonio's lawyer whilst in court. She argues her defence by saying Shylock should be sent to prison for acting against a Venetian citizen. The duke says that he won't go unless he gives half his wealth to Antonio and half to the state. Antonio agrees with this condition but Shylock has to covert his faith to Christianity and leave his house with Shylock's daughter, Jessica, who ran off with a Christian boy named Lorenzo. Soon after the ruling, Bassanio and Portia finally complete their marriage by entrusting rings together which the men have promised they won't ever part with their rings or their wives. The monarch at the time this was written was Elizabeth I. The Merchant of Venice was written in 1596, which was near to the end of Queen Elizabeth I's reign, in which she reigned from 1558 - 1603. Her 45 year reign was one of the most notable reigns in the whole of the British monarchy. At the time this play was written, Britain were in the first few years of controlling most of the world under the 'First British Empire' (1583 - 1783) under Queen Elizabeth I's reign. There was no war or any kinds of fighting overseas and even in the UK, but there was extreme prejudice and hatred between Christians and Jews, which had an effect on the way William Shakespeare wrote 'The Merchant of Venice' during a very prosperous time for the United Kingdom. There are many themes that are conveyed most to an audience watching 'The Merchant of Venice' which are:
Money, Love – Shylock discovers his daughter, Jessica has eloped with a Christian with all his money (Act Two Scene Eight)
Prejudice, Revenge – Shylock speaks of his bitterness of Christians and how he’s treated, which is explained through Shylock's monologue of 'To bait fish withal' in Act Three Scene One.
Social Injustice – During the trial, Shylock demands Antonio’s flesh, but in the end loses half his wealth and required to convert to Christianity, which is near the end (Act Four Scene One)
Money, Love – Shylock discovers his daughter, Jessica has eloped with a Christian with all his money (Act Two Scene Eight)
Prejudice, Revenge – Shylock speaks of his bitterness of Christians and how he’s treated, which is explained through Shylock's monologue of 'To bait fish withal' in Act Three Scene One.
Social Injustice – During the trial, Shylock demands Antonio’s flesh, but in the end loses half his wealth and required to convert to Christianity, which is near the end (Act Four Scene One)
William Shakespeare was one of the most iconic and entertaining writers that have inspired many generations to start writing books, but not only appealing to those of a modern era, but also to the time when he was alive. William Shakespeare was also one of the most entertaining people to see and audiences were excited to see his works performed at the Globe Theatre. The staging conditions were public, rather than court, performances of Shakespeare's plays were performed in the open air, in daylight, on a simple thrust stage, that being the Globe Theatre. No scenery and a minimum of props allowed the action to move swiftly and the audience to focus on the language. Music and costume added to the effect. Shakespeare wrote his plays with the strengths and talents of his fellow players in mind. His gifted boy players took the female roles so that the original audience had the unsettling experience of watching boys playing girls playing boys in the roles of Portia and Nerissa in the trial scene.
Shylock’s cries for a pound of flesh have made him one of literature’s most memorable villains, but many readers and playgoers have found him a compelling and sympathetic figure. The question of whether or not Shakespeare endorses the anti-Semitism of the Christian characters in the play has been much debated. Jews in Shakespeare’s England were a marginalized group, and Shakespeare’s contemporaries would have been very familiar with portrayals of Jews as villains and objects of mockery. For example, Christopher Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta, a bloody farce about a murderous Jewish villain, was a great popular success and would have been fresh in Shakespeare’s mind as he set about creating his own Jewish character. Shakespeare certainly draws on this anti-Semitic tradition in portraying Shylock, exploiting Jewish stereotypes for comic effect. But Shylock is a more complex character than the Jew in Marlowe’s play, and Shakespeare makes him seem more human by showing that his hatred is born of the mistreatment he has suffered in a Christian society. Shakespeare’s character includes an element of pathos as well as comedy, meaning that he elicits from readers and audiences pity and compassion, rather than simply scorn and derision. Shylock, name meaning 'loan shark', a stereotypical, wicked, Jewish moneylender who's best known for his villainous ways in William Shakespeare's 'The Merchant Of Venice'. My interpretation of the character, Shylock will emphasise his description as I will portray him an evil, a lust for money, who wants to achieve his goal not to just get his money back from Antonio but to get a pound of flesh of his. There are many famous actors that have played this famous character, a couple include Peter O'Toole and Al Pachino. I want to represent my character similar to Al Pachino's when he starred in the 2004 film, 'The Merchant Of Venice'. From seeing his performance, I saw that he is a very angry character and is determined to get revenge after being treated so badly by Christians around Venice. I want to portray my character similar to this, but instead of being angry, I want to be very patronising in the way I speak, for example during Shylock's speech in Act III, Scene I, when he talks about him being a Jew and saying he is no different to a Christian, I want to not be angered, but very questioning when I say each line. Although critics tend to agree that Shylock is The Merchant of Venice’s most noteworthy figure, no consensus has been reached on whether to read him as a bloodthirsty bogeyman, a clownish Jewish stereotype, or a tragic figure whose sense of decency has been fractured by the persecution he endures. Certainly, Shylock is the play’s antagonist, and he is menacing enough to seriously imperil the happiness of Venice’s businessmen and young lovers alike. Shylock is also, however, a creation of circumstance; even in his single-minded pursuit of a pound of flesh, his frequent mentions of the cruelty he has endured at Christian hands make it hard for us to label him a natural born monster. In one of Shakespeare’s most famous monologues, for example, Shylock argues that Jews are humans and calls his quest for vengeance the product of lessons taught to him by the cruelty of Venetian citizens. On the other hand, Shylock’s coldly calculated attempt to revenge the wrongs done to him by murdering his persecutor, Antonio, prevents us from viewing him in a primarily positive light. Shakespeare gives us unmistakably human moments, but he often steers us against Shylock as well, painting him as a miserly, cruel, and prosaic figure. When rehearsing the part for Shylock, it is extremely difficult to start with understanding the language and the way he spoke with great intentions. In order to understand what he is saying and what his objectives are in the play and especially in this monologue, I will research a modern text of the same monologue so I can understand what my character feels like and what he wants to express to a crowd, or in this case to an audience
Sunday, 10 January 2016
Personal Statement
Drama basics:
- Genuine enthusiasm for drama, along with evidence that you've studied or read beyond the curriculum.
- Good analytical and critical skills – with examples of how you've used and developed these skills in practice.
- Skills gained from your critical and creative experiences, both within and outside your studies, or how you feel you’ve benefited from them.
- How any positions of authority, charity work, employment, hobbies or other relevant activities have benefited your development, or their relationship to drama.
- Your interest in the professional expression of the subject, such as theatre-going or the work of particular directors, actors, designers, film makers or theatre companies.
- Ensure your personality comes across in your personal statement –in particular your creativity, enthusiasm, energy or dedication to drama.
- If you can, articulate your career aspirations and how your degree will help you gain the experience, knowledge and skills to help you prepare for it.
- Professor Anna Furse, head of theatre and performance at Goldsmiths, University of London advises applicants to be clear about whether they are looking for a course with a practice-theory ethos at an interdisciplinary university like hers, or a more practical course at a conservatoire or drama school. 'It’s fine to apply to both,' she says, 'but simply be aware and don’t write too generically'.
- For her kind of course she is interested in applicants who are looking for a broader education in the range of creative, technical and intellectual skills that will prepare them for a wide range of careers in the performing arts.
- Your personal statement should flow logically and be as engaging as possible, making the reader want to read on and show you can articulate your ideas in a succinct but interesting way.
- Get the right balance between subject-specific material and outside interests, which Nick Strong suggests should ideally should be 75% / 25%.
- Check punctuation, grammar, spelling and syntax very carefully, as it may make the critical difference between two otherwise identical applicants.
What to avoid in your drama personal statement
- Overblown quotes: avoid starting your personal statement with a highbrow or pretentious quotation - tutors want to hear what you have to say, in your own words.
- Not expanding on your experience: don't just say 'I am captain of the football team'. Try ‘through being captain of the football team I have gained the following experience…’.
- Humour: a touch of dry wit can sometimes be effective and memorable; but equally, experimenting with jokes in your personal statement can be risky and backfire badly, so judge this with care.
- Giving the impression you haven't researched the course content: that's why Professor Furse at Goldsmiths would advise applicants for her particular course to avoid saying things like 'I simply love to perform and want to be a musical star'. 'It's fine to have a passion to perform', she says, 'but think also about why you want a university degree and tell us about this'.
- Irrelevant experience: as Nick Strong told us, starting with something like ‘I have wanted to be an actor ever since I was third shepherd from the left in a Nativity play when I was three’ is a definite no-no. Focus on your most recent and relevant creative experiences.
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